This passport is archived: the battery was reissued (Art. 77(3) Regulation (EU) 2023/1542). Its content stays retrievable as the last published version (EN 18221:2026 4.2).

Successor: PILOT-EX90-0001-R1 · ATPILOTPILOTEX900001R1

Sample passport: demonstration data

This passport shows what the engine produces. The economic operator, the model designation and the figures are sample content; it is not a passport issued by the manufacturer named above. Signature, content hash and version history are real and can be recomputed.

All sample passports

EU Digital Battery Passport · Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

EX90 NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery — Pilot-Muster

Volvo Cars AB

UID: ATPILOTPILOTEX900001

Version 1 · as of 02/09/2026 · verify proof · Machine-readable (EN 18222)

Archived

Public data points of this passport with a value87 %

12 of 61 public data points verified

Signed · version 1 · 05/09/2026

Verify certificate

Issuer did:oyd:zQmRCsCWwMvW5BNufBDJuKMkscn6jwtCY839ZyFEjUL7ZX3

Public data: this page shows only publicly accessible data points (Groups A–F and M) pursuant to Art. 77(2) of the EU Battery Regulation. No login required.

A · General battery information

11 / 11 data points present

Battery identification: serial number

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. a; Art. 38(6); Art. 77(3); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.1.2.2

Verified

PILOT-EX90-0001

Manufacturer identification

Annex VI Part A Nr. 1; Art. 38(7)

Verified

Name:: Volvo Cars AB
Note:: Volvo Cars AB ist Fahrzeughersteller und Inverkehrbringer; der Hersteller der Batteriemodule wird von Volvo nicht genannt.
Trade name:: Volvo
Web address:: https://www.volvocars.com
Postal address:: SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden — Tel. +46 31 59 00 00

Battery category and model identification (Annex VI Part A point 2)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 2; Art. 38(6)

Verified

Elektrofahrzeugbatterie (EV) — Modell: EX90 NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery (Arbeitsbezeichnung; Volvo veröffentlicht keine offizielle Modellbezeichnung). PILOT-MUSTER: Beispieldaten aus öffentlichen Quellen, abgeleitete Werte und gekennzeichnete Platzhalter — kein Batteriepass von Volvo Cars.

Place of manufacture (geographical location)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 3

Verified

Battery modules (cells and modules): manufactured in China [Volvo CFR EX90 p. 9: 'The lithium-ion battery modules for EX90 and XC90 PHEV are manufactured in China' — no plant or city is named by Volvo] Vehicle manufacturing and pack integration: Charleston, South Carolina, USA (Volvo Cars manufacturing) Electric motor manufacturing: Skövde, Sweden

Date of manufacture (month & year)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 4

Derived

01/2024

Battery weight (kg)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 5

Verified

474

Rated energy (kWh)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 6

Verified

111

Chemical composition

Annex VI Part A Nr. 7

Derived

Published (Volvo CFR EX90): • Cathode: NMC811 (Table 1) • Cathode active material: an oxide containing nickel, manganese and cobalt (section 5.2.7) • Anode active material: graphite (section 5.2.7) Not published by Volvo: the electrolyte composition, the cell format and the cell supplier. The LiPF₆ electrolyte and prismatic cell format previously stated here are industry-typical assumptions.

Hazardous substances (other than Hg, Cd, Pb)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 8

Derived

Description:: Hazardous substances in the EX90 NMC811 battery (other than Hg, Cd, Pb): • Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆): 2.8 kg — electrolyte salt, corrosive, toxic • Ethylene carbonate (EC): 4.1 kg — solvent, irritant • Dimethyl carbonate (DMC): 3.0 kg — solvent, flammable • Ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC): 4.3 kg — solvent, flammable • Cobalt (Co): 9.6 kg — carcinogenic (Cat. 1B), aquatic toxicity • Nickel (Ni): 50.2 kg — sensitising, carcinogenic (Cat. 1A) • Manganese (Mn): 9.8 kg — neurological risk (chronic exposure) • Lithium (Li): 7.4 kg — reactive with water, fire hazard
Tabellenzeile:: 8

Suitable extinguishing agent

Annex VI Part A Nr. 9

Derived

Recommended fire extinguishing agent for EX90 traction battery: Primary: Water (large volume, ≥ 300 l/min for cooling — fire suppression secondary) Alternative: Special Li-ion battery extinguisher (e.g. F-500 EA, Lithionics) Important: Full thermal runaway suppression requires sustained cooling. CO₂ and dry powder are NOT suitable for Li-ion battery fires. Minimum safe distance: 15 m (risk of ejection of molten material)

Critical raw materials (> 0.1 % by weight)

Annex VI Part A Nr. 10

Derived

Materials:: Cobalt
Nickel
Lithium
Natural graphite
Description:: Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Lithium (Li), Natural Graphite [All > 0.1% by mass in the battery] Critical raw materials (EU CRM list 2023): Cobalt, Lithium, Natural Graphite, Manganese SVHC (REACH Annex XIV substances): Cobalt compounds (Co₃O₄): included as cathode precursor
Tabellenzeile:: 10

B · Carbon footprint

11 / 12 data points present

Carbon footprint contribution: distribution

Annex II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.5

Derived

1.4kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution: end-of-life and recycling

Annex II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.6

Derived

-5kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution: main production and manufacturing

Annex II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.4

Derived

19.8kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution: raw material acquisition and pre-processing

Annex II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.3

Derived

31.5kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint: declared total

Art. 7(1)(d); Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. c

Derived

Carbon footprint performance class (A–E)

Art. 7(2); Annex II Nr. 8

Missing

nicht festgelegt — delegierter Rechtsakt nach Art. 7(2) ausständig

Carbon footprint declaration: manufacturer details

Art. 7(1)(a)

Verified

Declaring entity: Volvo Cars AB, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden Contact as published in the carbon footprint report (p. 6): a named contact person in the Global Sustainability Team, with direct email and telephone number given in the report itself. Previous entry stated a generic address 'sustainability@volvocars.com' and 'Volvo Cars Sustainability Team' — withdrawn: that address is not published in the report and was not verifiable.

Carbon footprint declaration: battery model details

Art. 7(1)(b)

Derived

Battery Model: NMC811 111 kWh Li-ion Traction Battery Chemistry: Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Oxide (NMC811) Nominal capacity: 272 Ah / 111 kWh Nominal voltage: [nominal voltage — not published] Application: Volvo EX90 (Twin Motor, MY24) Batch/Serial Number: [individual serial number per battery] Year of manufacture: 2024

Carbon footprint declaration: manufacturing plant

Art. 7(1)(c)

Derived

Art. 7(1)(c) requires the geographical location of the BATTERY manufacturing plant. Published (Volvo CFR EX90, p. 9): the lithium-ion battery modules for the EX90 are manufactured in China. Volvo names neither the plant nor the city. Charleston, South Carolina, USA is the vehicle manufacturing site, not the battery plant. It was previously entered here in that role — corrected.

Carbon footprint breakdown by life-cycle stage

Art. 7(1)(e); Annex II Nr. 4

Derived

Total (kg):: 7,300
Description:: Carbon Footprint of the Battery by Life Cycle Phases (Battery modules, cradle-to-gate, approx. 7,300 kg CO₂e total): • Phase 1 – Raw Material Extraction & Refining (cobalt, nickel, lithium, graphite): approx. 3,500 kg CO₂e (≈ 48% of battery footprint) • Phase 2 – Cell & Module Manufacturing (cell production, module assembly): approx. 2,200 kg CO₂e (≈ 30% of battery footprint) • Phase 3 – Distribution (transport of modules to pack assembly): approx. 150 kg CO₂e (≈ 2% of battery footprint) • Phase 4 – End-of-Life & Recycling (estimated credit for material recovery): approx. –550 kg CO₂e (≈ –8% of battery footprint, credit)
Production kg:: 2,200
Tabellenzeile:: 16
End of life kg:: -550
Distribution kg:: 150
Raw material kg:: 3,500

Carbon footprint declaration: EU declaration of conformity number

Art. 7(1)(f)

Derived

EU Declaration of Conformity for the Battery Reference Number: [reference number — not available] Issued by: Volvo Cars AB, Gothenburg, Sweden Date of Issue: 15 March 2024 Valid for: EX90 NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery Notified Body Reference No.: [notified body number — not published] ([notified body — not published for this battery]

Carbon footprint declaration: link to the public study

Art. 7(1)(g)

Verified

Carbon footprint declaration: link to the public study

C · Recycled content

0 / 1 data points present

Renewable content share

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. f; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.6.2.11

Missing

D · Responsible sourcing

3 / 4 data points present

Due diligence policy (company level)

Art. 48; Art. 49(1); Annex X Nr. 1

Verified

Published by Volvo Cars: • Responsible sourcing commitments and a Supplier Code of Conduct applying to suppliers • Blockchain-based traceability applied to cobalt, and extended to lithium and nickel • An audit programme for suppliers in the cobalt, lithium and nickel supply chains • Alignment with OECD due diligence guidance, as stated in Volvo's own responsible business material Withdrawn from this cell: certification claims about named suppliers. They were not verifiable, and one of them attributed a cobalt refining certification to a body that does not certify cobalt refining.

Due diligence report: measures taken

Art. 52(3)

Missing

Due diligence report: measures taken

Due diligence report: verification summary

Art. 51; Art. 52(3)

Derived

Independent verification by Circulor (London, UK) GBA Battery Passport Pilot 2023/2024: Verification scope: • Cobalt: Full traceability from mine (DRC) to cell (Ningde, China) – OECD conformity confirmed for [mining/refining operator — not published for this battery] – No artisanal mining (ASM) involvement confirmed • Lithium: Traceability from SQM (Chile) to cathode production ([cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo], Belgium) • Nickel: Origin Indonesia confirmed (HPAL process, no conflict risk) Verification method: Distributed ledger (blockchain) / Circulor platform Result: Full compliance with OECD Due Diligence Guidance confirmed (June 2024)

Evidence of recycled sources for raw materials

Art. 52(4); Annex X Nr. 1

Derived

Evidence of Recycled Source for Raw Materials: EX90 MY24 uses exclusively primary raw materials: • Cobalt: 100% primary (mining DRC) • Nickel: 100% primary (mining Indonesia) • Lithium: 100% primary (mining Chile) • Graphite: 100% primary (mining China) Recycled content (MY24): 0% for all critical materials Future targets pursuant to Art. 8 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542: • From 2031: Cobalt 16%, Lithium 6%, Nickel 6%, Lead 85% • From 2036: Cobalt 26%, Lithium 12%, Nickel 15%, Lead 85% Volvo Cars recycling partners: [cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo], Retriev Technologies (North America)

E · Electrical characteristics

19 / 19 data points present

Cycle-life reference test

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. j; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.6.5

Derived

WLTC-Zyklus (Referenztest laut Tabelle)

Maximum permitted battery power

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. i; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.3.5

Derived

300,000W

Idle temperature range: upper limit

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. l; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.7.4

Derived

60°C

Idle temperature range: lower limit

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. l; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.7.3

Derived

-40°C

Rated capacity (Ah)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. g

Derived

272

Minimum voltage (V)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. h

Derived

280

Nominal voltage (V)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. h

Derived

400

Maximum voltage (V)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. h

Derived

430

Original power capability (W)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. i

Derived

300,000

Battery power limits

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. i

Derived

AC charging power (W):: 22,000
DC charging power (W):: 250,000
Description:: Power Limits of the Battery (EX90 111 kWh NMC811): • Max. discharge power (peak, battery → drivetrain): approx. 300 kW • Continuous power (continuous, battery): approx. 150–200 kW • Max. DC charging power (input): 250 kW (at 400 V, max. 625 A) • AC charging power: 11 kW (standard) / 22 kW (optional three-phase) • Recuperation power: approx. 100 kW (max.) Temperature range for full power: • Optimal: 20–40°C cell temperature • Power reduction below 0°C and above 45°C (BMS thermal management)
Tabellenzeile:: 39
Recuperation w:: 100,000
Discharge peak w:: 300,000

Expected lifetime (cycles & reference test)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. j

Derived

1,000

Capacity threshold for exhaustion (% SoH)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. k

Derived

Temperature range for storage

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. l

Derived

−40 °C bis +60 °C (Referenztest IEC 62619)

Manufacturer warranty: calendar life

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. m

Verified

Volvo high-voltage battery warranty for battery electric vehicles: • 8 years, mileage limit whichever comes first • Volvo Car USA states 8 years / 100,000 miles; the European term is commonly stated as 8 years / 160,000 km • Guaranteed threshold: at least 70 % state of health Coverage begins on the original purchase date.

Round-trip efficiency: initial value (%)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. n

Derived

Round-trip efficiency: after 50 % of cycle life (%)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. n

Derived

89.5

Internal resistance: cell (mΩ)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. o

Derived

1.15

Internal resistance: pack (mΩ)

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. o

Derived

C-rate of the cycle-life test

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. p

Derived

0.33

F · Conformity, labelling & waste information

6 / 10 data points present

EU declaration of conformity (DoC)

Art. 18; Annex IX

Missing

EU declaration of conformity (DoC)

EU declaration of conformity reference number

Annex XIII Nr. 1 lit. r; Art. 18; Annex IX

Derived

EU Declaration of Conformity for the EX90 Traction Battery Reference Number: [reference number — not available] Issued by: Volvo Cars AB, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden Date: 15 March 2024 Valid for: NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery (EX90 Twin Motor, MY24) Applicable regulations: • Reg. (EU) 2023/1542 (Battery Regulation) • Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC) • Regulation (EU) 2018/858 (vehicle type approval) Notified Body: [notified body — not published for this battery], Cologne (Reference No. [notified body number — not published]) Test Report No.: [test report number — not available]

CE marking (evidence of affixing)

Art. 19; Art. 20

Derived

Yes

Labelling requirements (Art. 13(4) and (5))

Art. 13 Abs. 4 und 5; Annex VI Part B

Derived

Labelling of the Battery pursuant to Art. 13 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542: • Symbol 'Separate Collection' (crossed-out wheelie bin): ✓ on battery/battery housing • Capacity indication: 111 kWh on battery label • Not applicable: Hg labelling (< 0.0005%), Cd labelling (< 0.002%), Pb labelling (< 0.004%) • QR code (link to Digital Battery Passport): ✓ on driver's door frame All labelling requirements of Art. 13 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542 fulfilled.

Waste information a: end-user role & recommendations

Art. 74(1)(a)

Missing

Waste information a: end-user role & recommendations

Waste information b: separate collection & obligations

Art. 74(1)(b); Art. 64

Missing

Waste information b: separate collection & obligations

Waste information c: take-back points & recycling facilities

Art. 74(1)(c)

Missing

Waste information c: take-back points & recycling facilities

Waste information d: safety instructions for waste batteries

Art. 74(1)(d)

Derived

Safety Instructions for EX90 End-of-Life Battery (400 V NMC811): Transport: • ADR Class 9 (UN 3480 / UN 3481) • Reduce SoC to ≤ 30% before transport • Impact-resistant and pressure-proof transport container required • Damage report (visual inspection) before transport Storage: • Storage temperature: 10–25°C, max. 40°C • No storage next to flammable materials • Fire-resistant storage (F90 fire protection class recommended) • Regular visual inspection for damage, swelling, electrolyte leaks Handling damaged batteries: • Do NOT touch damaged cells (electrolyte toxic, LiPF₆ corrosive) • Immediately inform fire brigade / specialist disposal company • Keep away from water sources (risk of lithium-water reaction)

Waste information e: meaning of labels & symbols

Art. 74(1)(e)

Derived

Markings on the EX90 Battery / Battery System: • CE mark: ✓ (on battery/accompanying documents) • Symbol 'Separate Collection' (crossed-out wheelie bin): ✓ • Capacity indication 111 kWh: ✓ (on battery label) • QR code (link to Digital Battery Passport): ✓ (driver's door frame) • High-voltage warning (orange cables, HV label): ✓ • Notified Body Reference No. [notified body number — not published] ([notified body — not published for this battery] No Hg/Cd/Pb labelling required (concentrations below legal thresholds).

Waste information f: effects of hazardous substances on environment & health

Art. 74(1)(f)

Derived

Impacts of Substances Contained in the EX90 Battery: Cobalt (9.6 kg): • Health: Sensitising, carcinogenic (Category 1B) • Environment: Aquatic toxicity (H410), persistent accumulation • End-of-life: Hydrometallurgical recovery ([cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo] Nickel (50.2 kg): • Health: Sensitising (skin), carcinogenic (Category 1A, nickel compounds) • Environment: Aquatic toxicity (H411) • End-of-life: Nickel sulphate recovery via hydromet process Lithium (7.4 kg): • Health: Reactive with water, fire hazard (Li metal) • Environment: Limited ecotoxicological data; no bioaccumulation • End-of-life: Lithium carbonate recovery via hydromet process LiPF₆ (2.8 kg): • Health: Corrosive, toxic (HF formation on contact with water) • Environment: Hydrolysis to HF + PF₅ (toxic) • End-of-life: Thermal inertisation (calcination)

M · Identification & technical metadata

3 / 4 data points present

Economic operator identifier (ISO/IEC 6523)

prEN 18219 Abschnitt 6; prEN 18223 4.1.3.1; prEN 18239 5.2 (1); ESPR Art. 12(1), Annex III(h)

Manufacturer-provided

0088:4000000000013

Individual battery identifier (unique ID)

Art. 77(3); Art. 13(6)

Verified

ATPILOTPILOTEX900001

QR code (link to the battery passport)

Art. 13(6); Annex VI Part C; Art. 77(3)

Verified

QR code (link to the battery passport)

Operating instructions & safety information (reference)

Art. 38(1)(a)

Missing

Operating instructions & safety information (reference)